性格心理学研究 第1巻 第1号 1993年3月
The Japanese Journal of Personality, 1, 1
March, 1993
原著：Articles
Pp.2-14.
パーソナリティを考える−−二段階の接近法の試論−−
東北大学名誉教授 北村晴朗
Consideration on Personality A proposal concerning the methodology of personality study
Seiro Kitamura (Tohoku University)
A new methodology for psychological study of personality is proposed in this paper based on review of mutually opposing propositions on psychology of personality. Mainly through the review of Mischel's theory, several findings described below were identified. First, individual variables are already existing within each person prior to the formation of what he calls the person variables. Second, the situation should be defined not as the environment external to the person but as the entity formed via functional relationship with the internal variables. Third, his terminology "interaction" should be restricted to imply the interaction between his / her behavior and the other persons. On the basis of these recognitions, it is proposed that the study of personality should conducted as the two step study. The first-step study should be focused on the clarification of the basic total situation of the subject. Then in the second step, the individual characteristics of the subject's behavior in each situation should be investigated. Furthermore, it is suggested that the behavior to be studied should be of episode-type, and that the episodes be sampled from the attitudes of the subject to the other persons, to the life activities, and to oneself including self conceptions.
Key words: personality methodology, person variable, person vs. situation, interaction, episode.
原著：Articles
Pp.15-27.
日本における人格心理学の源流
日本大学 大村政男
The mainstreams of personality psychology
in Japan - On the one hundred and tenth anniversary
of Prof. Tohru Watanabe's birth -
Masao Ohmura (Department of Psychology, College
of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University,
Setagaya-ku , Tokyo 156)
This article is a review of Prof. Tohru
Watanabe's works. He was a founder of the
Psychological Laboratory of Nihon University
and a pioneer of personality psychology in
Japan. He claimed that there were two main
currents in the history of psychology in
Japan, and he called them the orthodox school
and the indigenous school respectively. The
former was developed on the basis of imported
ideas, which came mainly from Buddhism, and
the latter was induced from the daily experiences
of the Japanese. The orthodox school did
not take the form of religional psychology
in its development process, but developed
into a type of psychotherapy in modern psychology,
that is, the study of modification of personality.
The indigenous school tried to describe local
personalities and individual personalities.
In the two main books, "Jinkokuki" and "Koyogunkan",
that originated from the indigenous school,
personality types, personality traits, inner
consistency of personality, situational variability
and other ideas were described. These ideas
are still discussed by modern psychologists.
The study of personality psychology in Japan
underwent great changes due to the influence
of the Western ideas of psychology after
the Meiji era. In addition, it changed more
on encountering American psychology after
1945. However, the mainstreams already existed
in the 16th century. The author greatly hopes
that such future research of personality
will not ignore the historical perspectives.
Key words: personality, orthodox school,
indigenous school.
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