性格心理学研究 第2巻 第1号 1994年3月
The Japanese Journal of Personality, 2, 1
March, 1994
原著：Articles
Pp.2-22.
３気質類型・複合モデルとパーソナリティのフラクタル性
−パーソナリティ統合理論構築の試み−
日本大学 若林明雄
The three temperament types - composite structure
model and the fractal quality of personality:
An integrated theory of personality
Akio Wakabayashi (Department of Psychology,
College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon
University, Setagaya- ku, Tokyo 156)
The purpose of this article is to propose
an integrated theory of personality. First,
various personality related thoughts are
reviewed, and a process model of personality
is proposed. The processes of the model consist
of psychological situation, cognition, information
processing system (the nervous system), inner
response, and overt behavior. The pattern
of connections among the processes is called
temperament in a broad sense. Then, psychopathological
studies are reviewed and examined theoretically,
and a new typological model is constructed.
The model is based on three basic temperament
types: cyclothymic, schizothymic, and collothymic;
and each temperament type includes its basic
disposition and two personality subtypes.
The new "three temperament type - composite
structure model" fits well with both traditional
psychopathological studies and general personality
research. Finally, an attempt is made to
combine trait dimensions with the model,
by applying the concept of "fractal" to personality.
Key words: fractal, personality theories,
temperament, traits, typology
原著：Articles
Pp.23-37.
心理学における二次情報データベースの利用に関して
東京学芸大学 成田健一
関西学院大学 嶋崎恒雄
An introduction to psycINFO: the on - line
bibliographic database in psychology
Narita, Ken' ichi (Department of Psychology,
Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University,
Koganei, Tokyo 184)
Shimazaki, Tsuneo (Department of Psychology,
School of Humanities, Kwansei Gaknin University,
Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662)
It is the purpose of this article to initiate
psychologists and behavioral scientists in
the use of PsycINFO, the online bibliographic
database, which is a very useful and effective
research tool. Our emphasis is on the importance
of decision rules in search strategy, along
with an explanation of the classification
system used in the database and the contents
of the "thesaurus" published by the American
Psychological Association. We also provide
detailed examples of how to gain access to
PsycINFO in Japan, and how to make optimal
strategic search decisions when looking for
articles on a specified topic, such as "history
of research in personality."
Key words: automated information retrieval,
databases, thesauri, personality, methodology
原著：Articles
Pp.38-46.
意に反した行動をした後の態度及び感情状態の変化
同志社大学 水野邦夫
Self - monitoring and the change of attitude
and feelings after counterattitudinal behaviour
Kunio Mizuno (Department of Psychology, Faculty
of Letters, Doshisha University, Kamigyo-
ku, Kyoto 602)
This study investigated changes of attitude
and feelings which occur after high and low
self - monitors (HSMs and LSMs, respectively)
have engaged in counterattitudinal behaviour.
After completing the self -monitoring scale,
subjects performed a task under the forced
compliance paradigm, and then their attitude
and feelings were measured. The results indicated
that the HSMs made little change in their
attitude, while the LSMs changed their attitude
to make it more compatible to the forced
behaviour. On the other hand, the LSM changed
little in terms of feelings, such as unpleasantness
and depression, whereas the HSM showed an
increase in them. Three possible implications
were discussed: 1) the discrepancy between
attitude and behaviour was perhaps injurious
to the HSM's mental health; 2) the LSM merely
tried to be consistent, and such a mental
effort might become stressful for them; 3)
the HSMs might have used the feeling scales
for self - presentation, probably to make
the situation more advantageous for them.
Finally, the validity issues of the scale
were discussed.
Key words : attitude change, feelings, forced
compliance, self - monitoring, test validity
原著：Articles
Pp.47-55.
親子関係と人格要因との関連性についての一考察
関西大学 小高恵
Perception of parental behavior and its personality
correlates of the parents and child
Megumi Kotaka (Department of Industrial Psychology,
Faculty of Sociology, Kansai University,
Yamate- cho, Suita 564)
One hundred thirty - eight (138) Japanese
high school students and both of their parents
completed the Parents - Child Relations Questionnaire
and the YG Personality Inventory. By extension
factor analysis, the twelve scale scores
of the Personality Inventory were projected
into the eight common primary - factor space
found for the Relations Questionnaire. Some
interesting and meaningful correlations were:
1. The factor of 'child's perception of parental
denial of autonomy' correlated with both
parents' Cooperativeness and mother's Objectivity.
2. The factor of 'father's perception of
father acceptance' correlated with his General
Activity. 3. The factor of 'father's perception
of father control' correlated with his Cyclic
Tendency and Nervousness, and lack of Cooperativeness.
4. The factor of 'mother's perception of
mother control' correlated with her Cyclic
Tendency, lack of Cooperativeness, and Aggressiveness.
5. The factor of 'child's perception of parental
emotional support' correlated with his /
her General Activity, lack of Depression,
and mother's lack of Depression.
Key words : Parents - child relations, extension
factor analysis, emotional support, control,
autonomy, identification
討論：Discussion
Pp.56-67.
心理学における統計的手法再考
−数字に対する"期待"と"不安"−
東京都立大学 尾見康博
東京都老人総合研究所 川野健治
A re -examination of statistical methodology
in psychological research: Expectations and
anxieties in numbers
Yasuhiro Omi ( Department of Psychology,
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192- 03)
Kenji Kawano (Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo
Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-
cho, Itabashi- ku, Tokyo 173)
Most psychologists are highly familiar
with various statistical methods. Some researchers,
however, have pointed out various problems
associated with the use of statistical methodology.
Study 1 examined the data analytical techniques
employed in the articles that appeared in
nine Japanese psychological journals between
February 1992 and July 1993. It was found
that the most frequently used were analysis
of variance and t- test, which together accounted
for about half of the articles. Among multivariate
analytical methods, factor analysis was the
most frequently used. Study 2 examined the
responses of thirty - seven psychologists
and nine psychology - major seniors to the
questions regarding; (1) the kinds of data
analytical techniques they have ever used
in their everyday work; (2) their merits
and demerits; and (3) their misgivings and
troubles concerning data analysis. The results
revealed that most psychologists use a great
variety of statistical methods in their everyday
work, and they are also frequently troubled
with statistical methodology in psychological
research.
Key words: data analysis, statistical methods,
methodology, psychological research
討論：Discussion
一貫性論争における行動の観察と予測の問題
北海道医療大学 渡邊芳之
東京都立大学 佐藤達哉
Observation and prediction of behavior in
the consistency debate of personality psychology
Yoshiyuki Watanabe (Department of Psychology,
School of Nursing and Social Services, Health
Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu
- cho, Hokkaido 061- 02)
Tatsuya Sato (Department of Psychology, Faculty
of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa, Hachioji,
192- 03)
Any behavioral regularity that constitutes
a personality construct is the product of
an interaction between person and situation.
Consequently, one cannot empirically confirm
the existence of cross - situational consistency
in the behavior associated with such a construct,
from observation of behavioral regularity
alone, if any. Perceived cross- situational
consistency in behavior appears to be mostly
resulted from confusing temporal stability
for such consistency, reflecting a failure
to distinguish different observational viewpoints.
Therefore, any causal account of behavior
by means of observation - derived personality
constructs has no logical basis. Although
behavior could still be predicted from personality
constructs on the basis of its temporal stability
alone, the logic of such prediction is totally
different from that of traditional theories
of personality. These arguments should clearly
show that at least part of the so - called
"person - situation debate" is a pseudo -
question.
Key words: personality, consistency, behavioral
observation, prediction of behavior
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