性格心理学研究 第3巻 第1号 1995年3月
The Japanese Journal of Personality, 2, 1 March, 1995
原著：Articles
Pp.1-14.
一卵性双生児の性格に関する母親の認識について
札幌少年鑑別所 平野直己
How mothers perceive the personality of their identical twins
Naoki Hirano (Sapporo Juvenile Classificalion Home, Sapporo, Hokkaido 064)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality differences between identical twins that their mothers perceive, and characterize the mothers who subjectively create either more or less personality differences between them. In Study 1, fifty-four mothers with three to six year -old twins (37 identical and 17 fraternal) filled out a questionnaire. In Study 2, ten twin mothers (7 identical and 3 fraternal), who also participated in Study 1, underwent semi-structured interviews. The main findings were as follows: Identical twin mothers perceived personality differences of their twins according to their birth order, while fraternal twin mothers did not. And those identical twin mothers who perceived more personality differences between their twins tended to describe each with more personality terms and daily behaviors, when characterizing each twin. On the other hand, those identical twin mothers who saw less personality differences inclined to contrast the twins each other, and describe each with fewer personality terms.
Key words: twin study, mothers of identical twins, perceived personality
原著：Articles
Pp.15-26.
言語レスポンデント条件づけによるEysenck-Grayのパーソナリティ・モデルの検討
広島大学総合科学部 生和敏俊
広島大学大学院生物圏科学研究科 細羽竜也
Personality and verbal respondent conditioning:
An examination of the Eysenck-Gray model
Hidetoshi Seiwa (Faculty of Integrated Arts
and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Nakaku,
Hiroshima 730)
Tatsuya Hosoba (Graduate School of Biosphere
Sciences, Hiroshima University, Naka-ku,
Hiroshima 730)
The purpose of this study was to examine
the relationship between Eysenck's personality
dimensions and conditionability in verbal
respondent conditioning. EPI was administered
to 705 students, and 42 subjects with extreme
scores and 13 with moderate scores were selected.
They were assigned to four groups: 12 stable
extraverts, 15 stable introverts, 15 neurotic
introverts, and 13 ambiverts. Nonsense syllables
as CS were paired with words with various
affective tones. After a conditioning session
using 15 CS-UCS pairs, all subjects were
asked to recall the nonsense syllables, and
estimate their affective tones. The number
of syllables recalled and rated affective
tones were used as indices of conditionability.
The results showed that when negative words
were used as UCS, introverts were more readily
conditioned than extraverts. However, no
significant relationship between neuroticism
and conditionability was found.
Key words: verbal respondent conditioning,
introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, conditionability
原著：Articles
Pp.27-36.
最早期記憶と対人信頼感との関係について
上智大学 堀井俊章・槌谷笑子
A study of the relationship between the earliest
recollection and interpersonal trust
Toshiaki Horii & Emiko Tsuchiya (Sophia University,
Chiyoda-ka,Tokyo 102)
The purpose of the present study was to
construct a reliable and valid psychological
scale of interpersonal trust, and examine
the relationship between interpersonal trust
and the earliest recollection (ER). In Study
1, high school and college students, 538
in all, filled a questionnaire, and a 17-item
Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS) was constructed.
The scale had high internal consistency and
test-retest reliability. In Study 2, data
from 523 high school and college students
showed meaningful correlations between ITS
and several conceptually-related personality
scales, suggesting its validity. In Study
3, the relationship between the ITS score
and ER was examined with the data of 488
college undergraduates,. who gave answers
to an open-ended questionnaire. The result
showed that students with high ITS scores
remembered significantly more positive feelings
and less negative feelings for their ER than
those with low ITS scores. It was also found
that interpersonal trust was related to feelings
attached to human figures in ER.
Key words: earliest recollection, interpersonal
trust, feelings
原著：Articles
Pp.37-50.
大学新入生の適応に関する追跡的研究
明星大学 飯島婦佐子
八王子福祉園 川口祐貴子
小平市教育研究室 伊藤彩
A time-series analysis of new students' adaptation
to university
Fusako Iijima (Meisei University, Hino, Tokyo
191)
Yukiko Kawaguchi (Hachioji Rehabilitation
Home for the Mentally Detarded, Hachiogi,
Tokyo 192)
Aya Ito (Kodaira City Counseling Room for
Education , Kodaira, Tokyo 187)
A time-series analysis tested the hypothesis
that social support both reduces stress and
enhances self-esteem, and thus decreases
anxiety. The relationship between support
types and adjustment types was also examined.
One hundred thirty-five freshmen, who had
both parents and at least a sibling, participated
in the study. They filled out a questionnaire
four times (in April June, September, and
December), which measured social support
received from family members, same and opposite-sex
friends of both pre- and post-admission,
a romantic partner, an older student, and
a professor. Scales also measured stress,
self-esteem, and anxiety. Path analysis showed
that with minor variations, support from
same- and opposite-sex friends of both pre-
and post-admission enhanced self-esteem and
thus reduced anxiety. Cluster analysis on
social support scales revealed eight types:
dependent (on pre-admission friends and post-admission
same-sex friends), sociable, solitary, and
so on. Six types were also found in relation
to stress, self-esteem, and anxiety: consistent
over time (on the three), emotionally unstable,
emotionally stable, and so on. The solitary
type was found to be emotionally unstable.
Key words: stress, social support, self-esteem,
anxiety, time-series analysis
原著：Articles
Pp.51-65.
古川竹二の血液型気質相関説の成立を巡って
−大正末期〜昭和初期におけるある気質論の成立背景
福島大学 佐藤達哉
北海道医療大学 渡邊芳之
The Furukawa theory of blood-type and temperament:
The origins of a temperament theory during
the 1920s
Sato Tatsuya (Department of Sociology, Faculty
of Administration and Social Sciences, Fukushima
University, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-12)
Watanabe Yoshiyuki (Department of Psychology,
School of Nursing and Social Services, Health
Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsa-cho,
Hokkaido 061-02)
Furukawa Takeji (1891-1940) proposed a
theory on the relation between blood types
and temperament. In this paper, we attempted
to describe why and how he developed the
unique theory, in the context of education
during the late Taisho -- early Showa period
(1920s). First, a few formative influences
on Furakawa's life and career were reviewed,
and some of his early articles examined,
which were written prior to his theory on
temperament. There are three facts that we
found especially interesting and informative.
(1) Furukawa majored in experimental education
at university, and upon his employment at
a women's high school, he worked in its administration
office. He came to believe there that temperamental
differences of applicants were responsible
for the failure of predicting school performance
from results of entrance examination. (2)
He thought that human temperament was so
simple that a theory needed to consider only
two temperament types. (3) He was from a
family of many doctors, and was familiar
with blood type, which was the newest physiological
discovery of the day. In conclusion, the
significance of studying history of psychology
was discussed.
Key words: Furukawa Takeji, temperament theory,
blood type, history of psychology
原著：Articles
Pp.66-93.Process interactionism, process
analysis, and self process: An extension
of Kurt Lewin's approach to personality psychology
Kaoru Kurosawa
Department of Behavioral Sciences Faculty
of Letters, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho
Inage-ku, Chiba City 263
With ideas and suggestions from Kurt Lewin's
approach to psychology ( 1935), a new approach
to personality psychology is proposed. It
is argued that models of internal processes
and their parameters should be central for
our understanding of personality. Kurt Lewin's
view of human behavior as a function of the
person and situation is described and named
here as process interactionism. Personality
variables of our new paradigm are person
and process variables. Person variables are
indices of internal individual differences,
and process variables are those measured
to tap the processes within the person that
reflect situational changes postulated in
Lewin's interactionism. The variables then
are analyzed to examine possible mediational
and moderational models. Finally, self theories
in the framework of 'social psychology of
self process' (Nakamura, 1990) are reviewed,
and their characteristics and limitations
discussed. It is suggested that we need models
of internal motivational and self-regulatory
processes in order to understand the self
in particular, and our personality in general.
Key words: personality, Kurt Lewin, internal
process, process analysis, mediation
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