母子相互交渉と母性形成との関係に関する短期縦断的研究

田島信元　東京外国語大学

母親の自己イメージ，妊娠受容感と子どもの誕生後における母親の育児態度，子どもへの働きかけ行動との関連が調べられた．妊娠中に母親に自己イメージと母親イメージ，妊娠受容感について評定を依頼した．また，生後1か月時および8か月時において，育児感想について母親に評定してもらった．生後3か月時の家庭訪間時に，母子の社会的相互交渉が観察された．その結果，母親の自己イメージや妊娠受容感は1か月時の育児感想とは関連がみられたが， 8か月時への影響は示されなかった。 8か月時の育児感想は，むしろ3か月時に観察された母子の社会的相互交渉のなかでみられた，子どもの行動と母親の付随的な応答と関係が示された．母親の母性は， 自己イメージや妊娠受容感などの母親の背景要因のみに影響されるのではなく，現実の母子相互交渉のなかで形成され変化するものであることが示唆された．

キーワード：母性， 自己イメージ，妊娠受容感，母子相互交渉

Nobumoto Tajima

(Tokyo University of Foreign Studies).

Mother-infant interaction and development of motherhood.

THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 1997, Vol.6, No.1, 40 - 49

In this study, the associations were examined among mothers' self-image, acceptance of pregnancy, attitude to infant care, and interactive behavior to the infants. During pregnancy, mothers rated images of themselves and their mothers, as well as their acceptance of pregnancy. They then rated twice, at one month and eight months postpartum, items related to their attitudes toward infant care. Also at three months, mother-infant interactions were observed at home. Results indicated that mothers' self-image and acceptance of pregnancy correlated with their attitude to infant care at one month, but not at eight months. Interactive behavior of infants and contingent responses of mothers moderately correlated with mothers' attitude at eight months. Thus, development of motherhood is associated not only with mothers' own factors such as self-image and acceptance of pregnancy, but with behavior of mothers and infants in their interactions.

Key words: motherhood, self-image, acceptance of pregnancy,mother-infant interaction