−原著−
性格心理学研究
2000第9巻第1号22−35

知恵の測定法の日本語版に関する信頼性と妥当性の検討 -Baltesの人生計画課題と人生回顧課題を用いて

高 山  緑・下 仲 順 子・中 里 克 治・権 藤 恭 之
武蔵工業大学・文京女子大学・岩手県立大学・東京都老人総合研究所


本研究ではBaltesらの知恵の測定法の日本語版を作成し,その信頼性と妥当性の検討を行った.知恵 は知恵に関わる5つの知識(宣言的知識,手続き的知識,文脈理解,価値相対性の理解,不確実性の理 解)から評定し,総合得点を知恵とした.課題には人生計画課題(様々な人生場面における仕事と家庭 との葛藤を解決する)と人生回顧課題(架空の人物の人生を回顧する)を用いた.成人・高齢者197名 (60-86歳)を対象に調査を実施し,信頼性と基準関連妥当性の検討を行ったところ,以下の結果が得ら れた.1)信頼性に関して,人生計画,人生回顧課題ともに高い評定者間信頼性が得られた.2)理論モ デルから予想されたように,知恵に関わる知識間には中程度以上の相関関係が示された.3)知能,日常 的知能,教育年数を外部基準とした基準関連妥当性の検討からは,人生計画場面において十分な妥当性 が示された.4)人生回顧場面でも妥当性を示す根拠がいくつか示された.

キーワード:知恵,知恵に関わる知識,成人期,高齢期

Midori Takayama (Musashi Institute of Technology), Yoshiko Shimonaka (Bunkyo Women's University),Katsuharu Nakazato (Iwate Prefectural UniversitY), & Yasuyuki Gondo (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology).
Reliability and of Wisdom-Related Knowledge Assessment, Japanese versionL: A study o life-planning and life-review tasks.
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2000, Vol. 9 No. l, 22-35.

This study examined reliability and validity of Wisdom-Related Knowledge Assessment, Japanese version.Spontaneous think-aloud responses to wisdom-related dilemmas, in both life-planning and life-review tasks,from 197 adult, young- and old-elderly, were scored on five criteria of wisdom: factual knowledge, procedural knowledge, life-span contextualization, value-goal relativism, and recognition and management of uncer- tainty. Results were as follows: l) Inter-rater agreement indicated an acceptable level of reliability. 2) As expected, nve criteria of wisdom-related knowledge had moderate correlations with each other. 3) With intelligence, social intelligence, and years of education as external criteria, wisdom-related knowledge and wisdom shown in life-planning tasks was signincantly related to years of education. Higher correlation coeffients for wisdom-related scales were found with social intelligellce than with intelligence. These results indicated sufficient validity in life-planning tasks. And 4) some of wisdom-related knowledge and wisdom shown in life-review tasks showed correlations with intelligence or social intelligence, and therefore, demon- strated their validity to a certain extent.

Key words: wisdom, wisdom-related knowledge, adulthood, elderly


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