原 著
パーソナリティ研究
2004 第12巻 第2号 47-58
青年のアタッチメントスタイルと不安喚起場面における行動との関連
若尾良徳
和洋女子大学人文学部
本研究の目的は,青年期の自己報告型のアタッチメントスタイルが不安喚起場面での親密な他者との行動に現れるのかを検討することである.自由な相互作用が可能な場面でなく,パートナーの有効性が疑われる分離再会状況において,行動はアタッチメントに関連した組織化がなされ,アタッチメントスタイルとの関連が見られる可能性を検討した.恋愛関係または友人関係にある18組（恋愛関係9組,友人関係9組,男性13名,女性23名）が実験に参加した.参加者の平均年齢は,22．03歳であった.参加者は,不安やストレスを感じた状態で,待合室と称した実験室において,パートナーとの相互交渉および短い分離と再会を経験した.その後,アタッチメントの個人差測定尺度を含むいくつかの質問紙に回答した.彼らの実験室での行動はVTRで撮影され,2名の評定者により評定された.その結果,自由な相互交渉が可能な場面からはアタッチメントに関わる行動の組織化は見られなかった.それに対して,分離再会場面においては,アタッチメントに関連した行動の組織化がなされており,自己報告との関連が見られた.青年のアタッチメントの個人差は,乳幼児と同様に,親密な他者との分離再会における行動に現れることが示された.
キーワード：成人アタッチメント，アタッチメントスタイル，分離再会行動
Y．WAKAO（Department of Human Development, Wayo Women’s
University）
Behaviors in separation-reunion situation and attachment styles of young
adults.
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2004, Vol.12 No.2, 47-58.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported attachment styles of young adults and their behaviors with an intimate person in an anxiety provoking situation. I hypothesized that it was a separation-reunion situation in which the partner temporarily became unavailable，but not a situation where communication without restriction was possible，that attachment−relevant behaviors was most apparent，and was predicted by self-reported attachment styles. Participants were 18 intimate pairs, with 9 dating couples and 9 close friends； 13 were male and 23 female，with an average age of 22.0. They first experienced anxiety and stress，and communicated freely with their partner in a laboratory which was called ‘waiting room.’ They then were briefly separated and reunited. Finally, they were asked to complete a few questionnaires including an attachment scale. Behaviors in the laboratory was videotaped and rated later by two judges independently. Results showed that behaviors during the free communication period was not organized in terms of attachment, and not related to attachmentstyles. On the other hand, behaviors in separation−reunion situation was judged to be more relevant to attachment, and was predicted by attachmentstyles. It was suggested that individual differences in attachment of young adults as well as infants, would manifest in behavior with an intimate person only in a separation−reunion situation.
Key words: adult attachment, attachment styles, attachment behaviors